Improvement in looms



. allow the shuttle to pass.

, used.

UNITE STATES l PATENT FFICE.

SAMUEL HOLDSWORIH, on DIWIRHAM, COUNTY OF DURHAM, ENGLAND.

. IMPROVEMENT IN LOOMS.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 35,445, dated June 3, 1862,

T 0 all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, SAMUEL HQLDSWORTH, of the city of Durham, in the'county of Durham, in that part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland called England, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Looms; and I dohereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification, in which Figure l is a vertical section of a powerloom with my improvements parallel with the warp, the parts not necessary to illustrate my invention being omitted. Fig. 2 is a front elevation of the same. Fig. 3 is a plan of the same with one of the shuttle boxesin section. Fig. 4 is a back view of the lay and shuttleboxes. Fig. 5 is a side view of parts of the apparatus for giving motion to the heddle-tappets. Fig. 6 is a plan of one-of the shuttleboxes and portions of the corresponding side of the loom. Fig.7 is a perspective view of one of the wire heads.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the several figures.

My invention relates, for the most part, to looms for weaving Brussels carpets or other terry or other piled fabrics; but some parts of it are applicable also to other kinds of looms.

In Figs-3 and 4, a care springs bolted one to the back of each shuttle-box A, and each having its point behind one of the two arms I) b of the protector-shaft a, but in such posi- 2 tion that the said arm will not touch the spring unless it shall have been driven back by the swell or binder d farther than is necessary to The swells or bind ers d d are the same as at present commonly The left -'hand shuttle-box, which is shown in section in Fig. 3, has its swell or hinder d represented in that figure in the po sition it assumes when the shuttle is at rest in the shuttlebox, and the protector-arms b b are shown in a corresponding position, but the shuttle itself is omitted; The springs a a are not intended to put any additional pressure upon the swells d d, unless either should be I driven out to such an extent as to leave space for the shuttle to rebound from the pickerinto the box into which it has just been driven before the swell could regain its proper position after the passage of the shuttle; but when of the shuttle by reason of the loom being driven at a great speed or otherwise, its respective spring a causes the swell more speed ily to regain its proper position for preventing the rebound of the shuttle.

One part of my invention consists in certain novel means of inserting and withdrawing the terry or pile wires of a loom for weaving terry or piled fabrics, and for transferring them from the place where they are drawn out from the cloth to the place where they are reinserted in the warp. The operations of inserting and withdrawing the wires are both performed by means of the same lever, B, (see Figs. 1, 2, and 3,) arranged at one side in front of the loom and apparatus connected with it. The said lever is made to propel an instrument, 0, which I call a saddle, and which moves upon two parallel fixed bars, D D, alternately toward and from the selvage of the cloth in terry or pile wires 1, alternately inserting and I withdrawing them. Connected with the sad and withdrawing them out of the cloth.

A bar, F, which I call-a traverse bar, is attached to the saddle G, and is made to traverse across it in a backward and forward direction, and the said bar carries with it an instrument', G, for taking the wire from the aforesaid catch E, and transferring it back ward and inserting it in the open shed of the cloth. The instrument G takes hold of the head of the wire r, and the transfer motion, so far as relates to the head of the wire, is effected by the movement of the traverse bar; but the point is transferred by aseparate lever, H, which I call a pusher. Instead of lifting the point or end of the wire, when drawn out by the catch'E, over the heads of the wires still remaining in the cloth, as is done in some descriptions of looms, I draw the wire farther away from the cloth, so that the point or end of it may be quite clear of the heads of the wires remaining in the cloth. The point or end of the wire then rests upon a guard or plane, I, at the side of the cloth, along which either swell is driven too far back by the force the loom. The saddle C carries with it thedle is a catch, E, for laying hold of the wires,

it can pass'toward the-opening in the shed into which it is to be introduced. Through this plane is a groove through which the pusher H works. As soon as the wire has been fully drawn out of the cloth by the catch E, and taken from the said catch by the instrument G, the pusher and the traverse-bar F, carrying the instrument G, move back together and carry with them the wire toward a position opposite the open shed, while the instrument G moves toward the selvage to insert the wire. For the purpose of directing the point of the wire in the proper manner for entering the shed, I employ an instrument, N, which also serves to act as a weft-tightener, as will be hereinafter described. Motion is given to the traversebar F in a backward and forward di rection for transferring the wire by means of a switch-bar, J, turning upon a fixed pivot, g, and controlled bya spring, h. All of the abovementioned movements, except that of the pusher H, are effected by the lever B. The lower end of the said leverB works on a fixed stud, B, secured in the framing of the loom, and the upper end is connected by a link, 13, with the saddle C, and the said lever derives motion from a curved slottedlever,B,through a connecting-link, B. Motion is communicated to the latter lever by the crank B, which is secured to the shaft 13, the said shaft being supported in bearings fixed to the framing of the loom by the brackets B and B and upon this shaft is secured the bevel-gear B gearing with and driven by a bevel-gear, B", on the tappet-shaft L. The slotted lever B works on a fixed stud, B", and the pin B of the crank B works in the slot B of the said lever. The saddle slides upon the bars D D, which are of dovetail form and secured to a plate, K, which is bolted to the loom-framing, and which has aslight downward inclination toward the cloth. The traverse-bar F slides back and forth upon the saddle under the guidance of two pins, it, which pass through a slot in the said bar and secure it to the saddle.

Theinstrnment G, attached to the traversebar for taking the wires from the catch E, has a spring-knob, which is so formed that on being pressed forward against the flat head of a wire, 1', (shown in Fig. 7,) it will slip into the hole 1-, provided in the said head, and so enable the wire to be withdrawn from the catch E by the movement of the traverse-bar toward the back of the loom. The operating portion of the catch 0 consists simply of a hook, t, so constructed and applied that it may slip over the edge r" of the head of a wire as it moves toward the cloth,but not slip off it as it moves away again. The flattened head of the wire, it must be observed, stands up edgewise. At the front end of the traverse-bar is fastened a stud or pin, j, for the purpose of running in the spaces or grooves j and j*, which are formed by the switch-bar J, a guide-bar, j, and the barD. The switch-bar lies upon the plate K, in which its center pin, 9, is secured. The spring h, before mentioned, for controlling the switch-bar, is secured under the plate K, and presses against a pin, j, which is fastened in the switchbar, and which passes through a slot in the said plate.

Attached to the lay L at the side of the reed there is a plate, In, which I term the doffingplate, presenting an edge in a forward direction, the use of the said plate being to push or disengage the wires from the pliers G. The mode in which this apparatus acts will be hereinafter explained.

The pusher H is arranged to vibrate back and forth on a fixed pin, Z, which passes through its lower part and attaches it to the loom-framing, and it derives its motion from a cam, H, on the tappet-shaft L of the loom, the said cam acting upon an elbow-lever, H, which is arranged to work on a fixed pin, it, and which is connected with the pusher by a rod, Z". The lever B is furnished with afriction-roll, P, to bear upon the cam H, and is loaded by a weight, H or spring to keep it in contact with the said cam,that the pusher, after it has been moved backward to transfer the point of one wire along the plane I to the point where it is inserted in the warp, may be returned, so as to be ready to transfer the point of the next wire in the same manner. The pusher pushes the wire into the instru ment N, which is made with a taper throat, as shown in Fig. 1, and with a recess at the back of the said throat for the wire to rest in while being inserted in the shed by the instrument G. This instrument N is attached by an arm, N, to a small stationary stand, N arranged upon the rear of the plane I, and the said instrument projects in front of the lay and reed as the lay moves backward. The said instrument,as before mentioncd,operates to tighten the weft. This operation is effected in thefollowing manner: The weft is carried by the shuttle through the opening m, formed between the back of N and the front of thestaud N, and as the shuttle-box is carried by the lay in beating up the work in the direction of the cloth it (the weft) is held back by N, as shown in Fig. 6, and becomes tightened; In order to prevent breakage of the instrument N in case of the shuttle being stopped before having passed entirely through the space m, the arm N is made to work upon a pivot, m, so that as the lay comes forward the shuttle can lift the said instrument and pass under it.

The act of inserting the terry or pile wires by the mechanism which I have described is performed as follows: Motion being given to the loom in the ordinary manner, the lever B will propel the saddle 0 toward the selvage of the cloth, carrying with it the traverse-bar F and the instrument G, which hold a wire for insertion in the open shed of the cloth. In this movement of the saddle the movement of the traverse-bar is controlled by the pin j acting against the switch-bar J in the space or groove j. \Vhen the saddle has advanced about one-third of the distance toward the edge of the cloth, the traverse-bar is, by the i peculiar form of the switch, forced into such a position as to bring the head of the wire 0, held by the instrument G, directly opposite the open shed of the cloth, the point having previously been pushedback by the pusher H into the instrument N. The wire is carried on by the saddle until it isfully inserted in the shed, the pinj passing along to the end of the spacej next to the selvage of the cloth. As

it approaches that end of the space j, the

h stud or pin j comes in contact with the side of v the following manner: The saddle, C carries with it the catch E, and when it (the saddle) is brought to the position nearest the selvage of the cloth the said catch is carried past the edge of the outermost wire-that is to say, the wire nearest the front or breast beam of the loom-eand as soon as it has passed the head of that wire its book slips over the edge r thereof and holds it, so that the wire may be drawn out of the cloth when the saddle moves outward from the cloth. That portion of the wire head marked r in Fig. 7 is received and rests on the portion 25 of the plate which forms the stock of the catch E. When the saddle is moved away from the selvage of the cloth by the action of the lever B, the stud j on the traverse-ba'rF is brought against the outer side of the switch-bar and enters the space j", (see Fig. 3,) the switchbar having, subsequently to the pin 3' passing its inner end, been brought to its original position. (Shown in black out line in Fig. 3.) As the saddle is traveling away from the selvage of the cloth to the opposite end of the switch'bar, the, traverse-bar is carried toward the front of the loom by the stud 9' coming into contact with the outer face of the said switch-bar until the spring-knob s ofthe instrument G is brought against the opening r in the head of the withdrawn wire and forced through it. When this is done, the saddle is again moved by the lever B toward the selvage of the fabric, and by this movement the traverse-bar is moved back to transfer the wire and the wire inserted in the shed, as before described.

Another partof my invention consists in the construction of thebefore-mentioned lever B. This lever I construct with a curved slot, 13*, as shown in Fig. 2, in which slot works the pin B, attached to the crank B for giving motion to the said lever, the said pin being fitted or not with aroller or sliding box fitting to the said slot. I make or adjust the direction and extent of the curvature of this slot,

so that the lever in withdrawing a wire from .ing the wire heads in proper position.

the cloth shall draw it out more slowly at the commencement of the operation, when the cloth has the greatest hold upon the wires, and with a gradually-increasing motion as the wire becomes more free from the cloth and so as to come to a standstill, or nearly so, while the catch E or other wire-holding instrument is being detached from the head of the wire. The slotted levers heretofore used for the same pu rpose have been made with straight slots, and in withdrawing the wire out of the cloth they have produced an irregular motion of the wire, quick at or soon after the commencement, then decreasing, and afterward increasing in speed. The curved slotted lever is mountednpon a pin at its lower end in the usual way. The motion, commencing slowly, increases gradually according to the lesser or greater amount of curvature given to the slot, and after the pin B has reached the top of the slot-.the motion is still more rapid until the wire is nearly withdrawn, when the speed gradually decreases until the wire is drawn quite out of the fabric.

Another part of my invention consists in a new mode of oiling the terry or pile wires by causing the oil to run down a channel into a sponge or other retaining substance at the side of the loom, over which sponge the wires are drawn as they are pulled out of the cloth. The channel down which the oil runs is formed upon a bar or lever, a, which extends in'a forward direction from a fixed point of attachment to. the loom behind the lay, and the said bar has a downward inclination toward the wires. Its rear end is hung on a pivot, u, and its front end rests upon the wires near the heads thereof, and its lower end may have a notch or shoulder on the under side, so placed as to drop behind and press against the last inserted wire, and hold the head of it firmly in position and thus counteract its tendency to spring back. It is thus made to serve the double purpose of conducting the oil and hold- The oil is conducted into this channel by a pipe, if, from an ordinary lubricator, vase, or other receptacle, a the delivery from which may be regulated as required. The oil flows down the pipe a and the channel in the bar a to the sponge a", which is secured to the loom in such a position as to supply a portion of the oil which it absorbs to the terry-wires, as they are withdrawn from the fabric.

Another part of my invention consists in'an improved method of giving motion to the picker-staves of a loom. For this purpose I affix to opposite sides of a wheel, P, on the tappet-shaft L, or other rotating shaft of the loom, projecting pieces oo", which Icall picking-nipples These picking-nipples by the revolution of said wheel are caused to strike against levers P and I, connected with the picker-stavesli and P. The lever Pis asimple elbow-lever mounted and turning upon a horizontal shaft, P, which may be cal led the picking-shaft, and which extends across the loom and is mounted in suitable bearingsin the framing. The other lever, P, has one of its arms firmly secured upon oneend ofthe picking-shaft at oneside of the loom, and the other of its arms fixed upon the same shaft at the opposite side of the loom, so that when motion is given to one of its arms the motion may be communicated by the picking shaft to the other arm. One arm of the elbow-lever P, which works loose on the picking-shaft at the end next the wheel P, is struck by the picking-nipple v at one side of the said wheel, and the other arm of the same lever is connected by means of a strap or band, P, with the picking-staff at the same side of the loom. That arm of the lever P which is fixed upon the end of the pickingshaft next to the wheel P is struck by the picking-nipple v" on the opposite side of the wheel to that which acts upon the lever P, and the other arm of the said lever, fixed upon the picking-shaft at the opposite side of the loom, is connected by means of a strap or band, P, with the picker-staff? at that side of the loom. The strap gr bands P and P are made to pass around or over segments of pulleys P and P", working on stationary pivots w to, so as to give motion to the picker-staves in the ordinary way. Those arms of the levers P and P upon which the picking-nipples act are furnished with friction-rollers o 12.

Another part of my invention consists in the use of a wheel with internal teeth for giving motion to the tappets for working the heddles of a loom through the agency of a pinion fast upon the shaft and gearing with the said internal teeth, the tappets being secured with the said wheel having internal teeth upon a short shaft which is mounted in bearings fixed to one side of the framing of the loom. By this mode of arrangement and construction I am enabled to place the said tappets lower down in the loom and to make the runninggear more compact and convenient than in a loom which has this portion of it constructed in the ordinary manner.

Q, Figs. 2 and 3, is the wheel with internal teeth. R R are the tappets, and S is the short shaft to which the said wheel and the tappets are secured. One of the bearings for the said shaft S is fixed to the side frame, T, of the loom, and the other to a bracket, T, secured to the main framing of the 100111. The said shaft S is arranged below the shaft L, which is the shaft usually called and used as the tappet-shaft. Q is the pinion on the shaft L,

gearing with and driving the wheel Qand the tappets which operate upon the treadles R It in the usual manner.

I am aware that patents granted to E. B. Bigelow on the 15th of November, 1853, and 13th of January and 5th of May, 1857, describe mechanism for performing functions analogous to those performed by the devices covered by the first, second, and fourth clauses of the following claim. These parts of my claim are therefore restricted to the specific mechanism described, which I believe to be superior in construction and arrangement.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. The combination of the saddle O,the catch E, the traverse-bar F, and instrument G, the switch bar J, and the doffer-platc 7c, the whole applied and operating, substantially as herein set forth, to insert and withdraw the terry or pile wires in a loom.

2. The construction of thelever B, through which the mechanism for inserting and withdrawing the pile or terry wires is actuated, with a curved slot, 13*, substantially as and for the purpose herein set forth.

3. The combination of the pusher H and the instrument N, constituting a means of transferring the wires from the position to which they are withdrawn from the fabric to that from which they are reinserted, substantially as herein described.

4. The employment of the supporting-post N of the instrument N as a means of tightening the weft, substantially as herein specified.

5. The combination, for oiling orlubricating the terry or pile wires,of a vessel, u, a grooved or channeled bar, at, and a sponge, u, the

whole applied and operating substantially as herein set forth.

6. The combination of the picking-nipples v 12 attached to the wheel P, the levers P P, the shaft P, the sectors P P", and the straps P P, connecting the levers with the pickers, when arranged and operating as herein specified.

7. The combination of parts for operating the tappets, consisting of the separate shaft S, the internal toothed wheel, Q, and the pinion Q, the whole applied and operating substantially as herein specified.

SAMUEL HOLDSYVORTH.

Witnesses:

THOMAS BAGLEY, HERBERT DAVY,

U. S. Vice-Consul. 

